By: Joshua Hiero PDF: Guns for Hire Modern Private Military Companies (PMCs) possess the tools and capabilities of full-fledged militaries, while using the corporate form to obtain financing, avoid legal accountability, and shield their true identities. These PMCs have increasingly been operating in weak states where they act with impunity knowing that they are beyond the reach of the law. This Note will demonstrate the difficulties of keeping PMCs accountable in active conf

By: Jake Goodman-Palmer PDF: Manufacturing Accountability This Article examines four avenues for holding multinational corporations (MNCs) accountable for workplace injuries that occur in their value chains and proposes a fifth solution. The four pathways are: human rights tribunals, the self- regulation of firm activity through the promulgation of private standards, tort or delict liability in domestic courts, and a novel proposal to establish an International Court of Civi

By: Andrew Wickes PDF: Can A UN Protectorate Provide Resolution? Haiti remains an unstable nation despite multiple transnational interventions in the last thirty years. After overthrowing the French in 1804, Haiti has vacillated between periods of independence and subservience to foreign nations. Political instability and harsh poverty implored the UN to begin a series of peacekeeping missions to help stabilize the nation around the turn of the twenty-first century. Politica

By: Erick Guapizaca Jiménez PDF: Pre-Legislative Indigenous Consultation This Article seeks to distinguish pre-legislative and pre-regulatory consultation (together referred to as pre-legislative consultation) from project-based consultation. Pre-legislative consultation covers draft legislation, executive orders, and regulations that create general norms and is triggered when a measure directly affects Indigenous Peoples. This Article makes two claims. First, pre-legislativ

By: Emily M. Broad Leib & Noelle Musolino PDF: From Surplus to Sustenance The right to food has been acknowledged as a key part of the global human rights framework, officially recognized by 171 countries. Even in countries that have not formally recognized the right—notably including the United States—there is general agreement that government plays an important role in ensuring food security. Recent global shocks, including the COVID-19 pandemic, the Russia-Ukraine conflic

By: Tarissa L. Peterson PDF: Voyage of Injustice Behind the glamour of the cruise ship industry lies a dark reality of systemic exploitation that requires public awareness and urgent action to facilitate reform. This Article unveils the dark side of the cruise ship industry and whether the existing international legal architecture enables exploitation in the cruise ship industry, and the pathways forward for reform. This Article delves into the cruise ship industry’s employ

By: Mia Mahmudur Rahim PDF: Monopolizing The Harvest This Article critically examines the growing dominance of multinational corporations in the global seed and agrochemical sectors and their far-reaching implications for food security, agricultural biodiversity, and environmental sustainability. Through a detailed analysis of market consolidation, intellectual property regimes, and technological dependencies, this Article reveals how a handful of corporations have come to c

By: Ines Willemyns PDF: The Future of Crypto Crypto assets (sometimes referred to as cryptocurrencies) were created shortly after the 2008 financial crisis to provide an alternative financial system that was completely decentralized, trustless, and did not require any regulatory oversight. Since their inception, crypto assets have been plagued by violent value fluctuations and instances of severe negligence and fraud, causing billions of dollars in losses for investors every

By: Caitlin Sharma PDF: A Dose of Accountability The international fentanyl crisis underscores significant gaps in treaty enforcement, particularly with state accountability for drug manufacturing and export practices leading to illicit fentanyl trafficking. Despite preventive measures established by United Nations drug conventions, legal loopholes in these provisions impede meaningful cooperation between state parties. This Note uses key countries, including the United Stat