By: Aaron Simowitz PDF: Contracting Around Treaties International commercial treaties are normally categorized as default or mandatory, rules that private parties can contract around or cannot. This dichotomous categorization misses an important element of treaty design and interpretation. The same considerations that determine whether a treaty is default or mandatory—transaction and error costs, paternalism, and externalities—should also determine how easy or difficult it i

By: Alexis Shaw PDF: Self-Defense Without Overreach The United States has increasingly invoked Article 51 of the UN Charter to justify prolonged military engagements, particularly following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. While Article 51 was intended to safeguard states’ right to self- defense, its ambiguity has allowed states—especially the United States—to stretch self-defense claims beyond their limits, applying them to both state and non-state actors. This ex

By: Daniel Goicouria PDF: Extraterritoriality in AI International AI markets currently operate under divergent and often conflicting competition laws. This splintered approach fosters uncertainty, invites regulatory failure, and risks entrenching dominant firms at the expense of emerging innovators. This Note proposes harmonized enforcement mechanisms to safeguard fair competition and minimize extraterritorial effects on global AI platforms. Recent academic discourse has dis

By: Rosa Celorio PDF: Tides and Crossroads This Article focuses on the recent era of jurisprudence issued by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights on women’s rights and gender equality issues. It discusses the recent tide of the court towards matters concerning women and gender equality, which has led to critical transformations in the carving of regional human rights legal standards. The court has capably transitioned from a civil and political rights tribunal to one tha

By: Katayoon Beshkardana PDF: Killing the WTO The World Trade Organization (WTO) is beyond repair and cannot be reformed. When born, the WTO was seen as a unique organization unencumbered by the shortcomings of its predecessor the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. The WTO Appellate Body was seen as a jewel on the crown of the rule- based multilateral trading system, an establishment that objectively resolved trade disputes among nations and enforced its decisions again

By: Ali Hakim & Matei Alexianu PDF: Non-State Sanctions Amid the catastrophic wars in Gaza and Ukraine, private organizations have arranged boycotts, bans, and other nonviolent measures to pressure Israel and Russia to comply with international law. These are just the latest examples of a long tradition of international law enforcement by non-state actors. But despite this rich history, international law doctrine and discourse understand sanctions exclusively as tools of sta

By: Kathleen Fink PDF: Through the Garden Legal systems across the globe have been reevaluating employee noncompetes and their impacts on...

By: Alexandr Svetlicinii and Xueji Su PDF: Stick-Based Approach States are increasingly deploying trade sanctions as a reaction to human...

By: Graziella Romeo and Andrea Pin PDF: Kelsenian Originalism This Article challenges the prevailing view that originalism is a uniquely...

By: Zhiyu Li PDF: Two Kinds of Dual States Under the pretense of a national emergency, the Reichstag Fire Decree drastically reshaped the...

By: Ryan M. Jones PDF: Checkmate: Corner Crossing In the United States, there are millions of acres of publicly owned land that are...

By: Anthony Ghaly PDF: From Guns to Scalpels Although codified in the Genocide Convention, few instances of genocide have fallen under...

By: Tamar Giladi Shtub & Michal S. Gal PDF: Data Without Borders Data has no inherent jurisdictional boundaries, and cross- border data...

By: Zachary Mollengarden PDF: Moral Hazard in International Economic Law The general premise of moral hazard is intuitive. Actors behave...

By: William McGoughran PDF: A Cultural Property Interest States have called for, and negotiated with, the British Museum for decades,...

By: Bryan H. Druzin PDF: Great Power Competition This Article examines the effects global fragmentation could have on international law....

By: Nair M. Banks III PDF: Stop Blaming Foreigners for Your Housing Market In 2025, the global housing crisis continues to worsen...

By: Christine Abely PDF: Expansion of U.S. Dollar-Based Sanctions This Article examines a recent phenomenon: the use, since 2017, of...

By: James Si Zeng PDF: Law and Industrial Policy According to the conventional wisdom of law and development, the role of law in economic...

By: Songling Yang PDF: China's Approach This contribution undertakes an appraisal of the latest of China’s legislation concerning...