The international community’s response to Iran’s nuclear development program highlights the sometimes complex legal relationship between the UN system of collective security and the rights of states to take unilateral countermeasures under the law of state responsibility.  It also raises a number of important questions about (a) the discretion afforded to states in the interpretation and implementation of Security Council resolutions, (b) the availability of countermeasures f

This Article addresses the mystery of why some countries appear to become democracies seamlessly while others face insurmountable obstacles.  While acknowledging the importance of civil society to democratization at the time of transition, this Article argues that broad historical civil society movements, even if devoid of immediate political impact, also facilitate the passage to democracy at a later date. This Article takes a comparative look at the constitutional, labor, a